Matlab/Octave - Vector and Matrix

# Vector
v = [1 2 3 4] - row vector
v = 1:4
v = [1; 2; 3; 4] - column vector;
v = [1:4]' - transpose

# Matrix
A = [1 2; 3 4]
b = [5; 6]
M = [A b]
eye(3), eye(4,3) - diagonal = 1, otherwise 0
zeros(5,3)
ones(5,3)
rand(5,3) - uniform distribution